| Anotated Bibliography |
Examples of commonly cited materials:
- Journal article: authors, year, title, journal, journal number, pages
- Peretz, I., Kolinsky, R., Tramo, M., Labrecque, R. Hublet, C., Demeurisse, G., & Belleville, S. (1994). Functional dissociation following bilateral lesion of auditory cortex. Brain, 117, 1283-1301.
- Book: authors, year, title, publication location: publishing company
- Willingham, W.W., & Cole, N.S. (1997). Gender and Fair Assessment. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Chapter in a book: authors, year, chapter title, book editors, book title, publication location: publishing company
- Sternberg, R. J. & Kaufman, J.C. (2018). The big questions in the field of creativity: now and tomorrow. In R. Sternberg and J. Kaufman (Eds.), The nature of Human Creativity. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK.
- Online material:Online material is difficult because there are so many variables depending on what is available. Here is a helpful blog post. If possible, provide whatever you can of the following information in order using the general format of the examples above:
the author of the piece, the year of publication, the organization that published the piece, and the URL.
- Lee, C. (2010). How to cite something you found on a website in APA style. American Psychological Association. Retrieved from https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/11/how-to-cite-something-you-found-on-a-website-in-apa-style.html?_ga=2.225101402.1781300626.1557329041-500936420.1557329041.
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| Theoretical Proposal |
Citing authors' work
When you talk about the work of other people, it is imperative that you cite their contribution to your paper, both in the text and in the reference section (see below). Use the following formatting information for citations in the text.
- Use the word “and” between author names in a sentence, but use the ampersand (“&”) when listing authors inside parentheses. Include the publication year. Follow these examples:
- Smith and Jones (1998) surveyed men and found that....
- Other researchers (Doe, Reddy, & Smits, 1970; Zucher & Bates, 1968) found...
- When listing multiple citations in parentheses, list them in alphabetical order by 1st author.
- If you cite a paper with three or more authors on more than one occasion, list all of the authors in the first citation (e.g., Doe, Reddy, & Smith, 1970).
- In all subsequent citations, use only the last name of the first author, followed by et al. and the year of publication (e.g., Doe, et al., 1970).
- DO NOT INCLUDE ANY INFORMATION OTHER THAN THE AUTHOR’S LAST NAMES AND YEAR OF PUBLICATION IN THE TEXT.
- That means no: first names or college/university affiliation/
- An example of what NOT to do: In 1970, Jane Doe and some of her buddies at Harvard wrote a paper called, ‘My friends and I did an experiment: gotta get paid’ that explored the question of…
Reference Section
The reference section of a paper should provide complete citations for all of the works mentioned in your paper. The idea is to allow someone who reads your paper to locate and read any of the works that you cited. The basic information that you need in a reference includes the last names’ and initials of all of the authors, the year of publication, the title, the name of the journal or book in which the article/chapter was published and page numbers (examples of some of the most common types of cited materials are presented below). To start a reference section, skip to a new page in your word document. You can hit the return key a bunch of times but 'Command-Enter' will do the same thing. Center the word 'References' and then hit return. Then you can your references (but make sure they are not centered like the word 'references').
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| Preliminary Method |
- Start the Method section by centering the word Method (Note: Method is singular; there is no 's' at the end of the word).
- There should be three subsections within the method:
- Participants: This subsection describes the number of subjects; relevant demophgrahic information (which might include., age, race, sex or gender); how they were recruited; how they were compensated
- Stimuli: This subsection describes the materials that you used. For example, if you used a questionnaire, you would describe the source of the questionnaire, the number of items, a description of how those items were designed and/or what they were intended to measure. If you are using a creativity test, you would describe the number of items, the nature of the questions asked and so forth.
- Procedure: This subsection describes what your subjects did from the beginning to the end of the experiment. You should begin by noting that the experiment was completed with the subjects' informed consent. You should describe the different conditions in your experiment, if relevant, and how the subjects were assigned to condition. You should describe the tasks the subjects were asked to do, the order they were asked to do them in, and the instructions they were given. The procedure should also include the approximate time required to complete the experiment and should conclude with a description of how the subjects were debriefed.
- Formatting is as follows. Each subsection should be indented and underlined, with a period at the end.
- The text should start after the period on the same line as the subsection heading. Here is an example of the proper formatting:
Method
Participants. There were 23 subjects who were drawn from the Amherst College student body. The subjects were recruited by word of mouth...
Stimuli. Two measures of creativity were used in the experiment. Half of the subjects used Bob Loblaw's Creativity Test (BLCT)...
Procedure. Before the experiment started, every subjected completed an informed consent form. The subjects were randomly assigned to condition... |
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